![]() ![]() Over-correction at the end of the Middle Ages in French and then English "restored" the -d- or a doubled consonant to some words that never had it ( accursed, afford). In many cases pronunciation followed the shift. ![]() in words it had picked up from Old French. In Old French, reduced to a- in all cases (an evolution already underway in Merovingian Latin), but French refashioned its written forms on the Latin model in 14c., and English did likewise 15c. Simplified to a- before sc-, sp- and st- modified to ac- before many consonants and then re-spelled af-, ag-, al-, etc., in conformity with the following consonant (as in affection, aggression). Word-forming element expressing direction toward or in addition to, from Latin ad "to, toward" in space or time "with regard to, in relation to," as a prefix, sometimes merely emphatic, from PIE root *ad- "to, near, at." ![]()
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